Student Protests in 1968 and 1970: A Rebellious Generation Essay

In the year 1968, the Vietnam War had taken control of the minds and the hearts of millions of Americans and other individuals around the world. The Tet was initiated by Vietcong warriors in South Vietnam, where the warriors launched a undecomposed scale attack on every major city in the south of the country. This shattered the dreams of those who had hoped that the war would end quickly and that there would be wild pansy and not Communism in the country of Vietnam. Nixon decided to spice things up a bit and invade nearby Cambodia in 1970 saying that he would not allow the biggest superpower in the world to appear like a pitiful, helpless giant. Meanwhile, in many different universities across the U.S, several students felt a spark in them evoked by the war in Vietnam and by the restrictive punishments of their respected colleges. To fight this, they organized gatherings and student strikes to promote their way of intellection to their parents and to anyone who would listen. Thes e students were protesting against the Vietnam War, conformity, and the harsh rules of the elite colleges, to prove that their voices were worthy to be heard. In universities all over the world, there arose a rebellious spirit in the lives of many students. wherefore were these students protesting? In France, they were protesting against the strict policies of their schools and against the Vietnam War. These ideals spread from there to close by countries such as England, Italy, and Germany and also in countries across the world such as lacquer and South Korea. The War had left everyone questioning whether or not the United States and its allies were going to be able to win this war or not. The window of victory grew smaller every day. In the United States, there were similar... ...s just proves the point that students are people too. They may be inexperienced, but they are gaining intimacy and awareness about the world around them and becoming brave enough to speak up for them selves. References Brown , Victoria , and Timothy Shannon. Going to the Source. 3rd ed. . 2. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins , 2012. 270. Print.Grace , Tom . The Shooting at Kent State (1970) . From Camelot to Kent State. N.p.. Web. 5 Dec 2013. . Norton , Mary Beth, Carol Sheriff , David W. Blight , Howard P. Chudacoff, Fredrik Logevall, and Beth Bailey . A People & A Nation . 9 ed. . 2. Boston Wadsworth, 2012. 946. Print.Ruffner, Howard. Introduction by Howard Ruffner. The Digital Journalist . N.p.. Web. 5 Dec 2013. .

Henrik Isbens A Dolls House :: A Dolls House Essays

Nora received supernatural aid in the form of self awareness of her own value/worth. Some could feel out her ignorance, ignorant as to what her actions would cause to happen if they where known publicly. Innocently she thought there was nonhing wrong with saving her husbands life, but his pride, his ego would be bear and society would outcast them. An another(prenominal) form of aid was Linde who served as a mirror like character who showed Nora what she had done in a way, and how an independent charwoman could The long and winding road was quite harsh on Nora, even a close friend such(prenominal) as Dr. Rank proved to be an obstacle she had to hurdle when he professed his love to her. All the time Krogstads blackmailing her, having to raise money, working at nights and the like where constant torments. The constant secrecy and stress accumulating and grammatical construction up never giving her space to catch her breathe. To top it all off, Helmer continually restricted her, m olded and sculpted her like a toy. Any other character would have cracked under this enormous burden but Nora just kept on going, with the hope of a wonderful thing retentivity her going.Stumbling upon the realization that the wonderful thing was but a mere fantasy that did not exist marked her final encounter with the ultimate dragon, Torvald. She had already had to substantiate his restrictions and lack of freedom that he imposed on her tyrannically. Also, there is the blackmailing by Krogstad whose hunger for a second chance to redeem him self is great. However, he does not plan on relinquishing the bond, which gives him the leverage over Nora. Her encounters have been plentiful with these two dragons that daunt her. Ultimately Nora vanquished the supreme dragon Torvald. After the Tarantella, which did not cash in ones chips for enough time, Helmer discovers the truth by mail. Because of his jealousy/sexual urge that made him decide to come down to early he discovered this in such a fashion that showed his true character. Nora then proceeds to tell him that she cannot stay with him anymore, in essence slaying him. Torvald is helpless and dazed, and utterly defeated though his ignorance, of how to make out Nora.

The Effect of Childhood Trauma on Brain Development Essay -- Child Abu

According to the Center for Disease Control, one in each three girls and one in every five boys are sexually nuisanced by an adult at some time during puerility. Child abuse is a vicious cycle. After a child is mistreated it puts a deterrent on his or her ability to succeed in life. Examples of this are adults who were abused as children are twice as likely to become abusers themselves. The majority of people in prisons were abused as children. It is no wonder why childhood trauma has such a horrible impact on a individuals soulality and brain. Trauma is a serious consideration in special education. When a child is exposed to a traumatic event, such as abuse, neglect or death, it can have a lifelong aftermath on their mental health. Although there are numerous effects followed by childhood trauma the brain chemistry of neurotransmitters is most affected. First a person might ask what neurotransmitters are. A perfect example is a lock and a key. Neurotransmitters are key s and each one activates different receptors (locks). Today there is cognise to be sixty chemicals that play a role in transferring information throughout the brain and body, each of which differently effect thought, feeling, and behavior. During childhood is when a person is most impressionable. Therefore when a child has suffered any physical, sexual, or emotional abuse these instances play a major role on the connections to their brain and the focal point that person will react to any given situation. If a child was frequently abused their brain would continuously be in high filter out alert. According to The Healing Center- On Line, studies on the physiological effects of trauma have found profound and substantial effects within multiple matching neurobiological syst... ...rth a lot of effort to secure the damaged connections of their brain. After the trauma the person could be haunted by nightmares or constantly daunted by their inability to re grouse the incident fully, due to the damaged hippocampus. Trauma is as an event more overwhelming than a person ordinarily would be expected to encounter. Therefore the individual would suffer more than a few effects including eternal change such as thought process, inability to interpret properly, difficulty trusting people, difficulty in socializing, and basically an inability to red-hot their life to the fullest without distraction. If someone knew a child in danger of abuse they should call 1800-4-A-child. The longer the child is traumatized the greater the effects will be on the chemistry of their brain, and the less chance they have of overcoming the damage in order to live a life of normalcy.

Gender Equity in Education Essay -- Equality Feminism Science Mathemat

gender Equity in EducationGender righteousness issues in mathematics and science have been the focus of many educators and researchers for years. Women have often been denied an equal education in math and science for many reasons. Parents and teachers must realize this fact and change their habits wherever necessary. Girls must be given the same opportunity as boys from the beginning, particularly in math and science where girls head for the hills to lag behind. First of all, the term gender equity must be defined. Gender not only includes the concept of sex, but all the social and hea then meanings that go along with being either male or female. Every interaction that takes place is in relation to the sex of those involved in it, and then sex may be considered central to those interactions. Equity is justice, impartiality, the giving or desiring to give each person his or her due. Gender equity may then be defined as being free from any kind of discrimination based on sex males and females considered equal in every executable way (Hilke & Conway-Gerhardt, 1994). Gender equity has been addressed in many civilises, articles and books in the past and is still an issue today. One idea that must be considered is the dissimilitude that exists between girls and boys in the areas of math and science. Many ideas are involved in the issue of why girls are behind boys in math and science. The first ingredient is how parents treat their children. Parents have one of the greatest, if not the greatest influence, on their childrens lives and life choices. Their attitudes about such things as traditional jobs for women and treating girls differently than boys when dealing with school will often effect their children, especially their d... ...titt, B.A. (1988). Building Gender Fairness in Schools. Carbondale Southern Illinois University Press. 4. The Mid-Atlantic Equity Consortium. (2000). Beyond Title IX Gender Equity Issues in Scho ols. Retrieved marching music 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.maec.org/beyond.html. 5. Advocates for Women in Science, Engineering and Mathematics. Gender Equity. Retrieved March 21, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.awsem.com/gnature.html. 6. University Libraries, University of Iowa. (1998). Overview of Title IX. Retrieved March 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/Title_IX.html 7. Salomone, R.C. (1997, October 8). Sometimes Equal Means Different. Education Week. Retrieved March 20, 2001 from the World Wide Web http//www.edweek.org/ew/1997/06salom.h17.

Rocky Mountain High :: essays research papers

Rocky Mountain HighSwish, swish, flap, swish, flap. The walls of my tent begin to shake vigorously. I roll over, rub my eyes, and try to figure out what in the hell is going on. Waking up from the long, cold nights sleep at 10,000 feet, my senses are not exactly what I would call sharp as a tack. I unzip my sleeping bag and a rush of cold plentitude air sends shivers down my spine. I scramble around the tent, frantically trying to find some warm clothes. As I hop out of the tent, I realize the shaking was coming from the other members in my group giving me a campers wake up call. Still in a morning daze, I ask, Whats for breakfast? After the laughter dies down, I realize the Clif bar I packed the day before will be the only breakfast I get.As I scramble around camp, I notice the first glints of sunshine shoot over the ridge to the due east and the moon slowly tucking itself into bed behind the ridge on the west. I wipe the dew off the face of my watch, 603am. I take a unintelligi ble breath of the mountain air, as clean as pure spring water and then I feel nature begin to call. With the first line of the day accomplished, I pack up camp and prepare for the days hike. The higher up the mountain I go, more and more of my group members began to fade. more or less of the members stop to rest on a log that has fallen victim to Mother Nature. Others pause to take pictures of themselves, overlooking the valley below. The lake glimmers from the suns rays and the undisturbed north winds push the clouds across the sky. Feeling excited now, I want to reserve going to get the view from the top. Sitting on a log to rest or taking pictures just does not seem so appealing anymore. I do not know what about hiking in the mountains that became so addicting to me, but there is definitely something about it. Maybe it is the way that all my worries and troubles seem to disappear into the land. I run around all day uprise peak after peak, not thinking twice about the rest o f the world. All the TVs, cell phones, palm pilots and other gadgets of the day that seem to keep me entertained at home are like a candle in the wind when compared to Mother Nature, who offers plenty to keep me occupied.

Rocky Mountain High :: essays research papers

Rocky Mountain HighSwish, swish, flap, swish, flap. The walls of my tent begin to persuade vigorously. I roll over, rub my eyes, and try to figure forth what in the hell is going on. Waking up from the long, frore nights sleep at 10,000 feet, my senses argon not exactly what I would call sharp as a tack. I unzip my sleeping bag and a rush of cold mountain air sends shivers down my spine. I scramble around the tent, frantically trying to find some warm clothes. As I hop out of the tent, I realize the shaking was coming from the other members in my radical giving me a campers wake up call. Still in a morning daze, I ask, Whats for breakfast? After the laughter dies down, I realize the Clif bar I packed the daytime before pass on be the only breakfast I get.As I scramble around camp, I notice the initial glints of sunshine shoot over the extend to the east and the moon slowly tucking itself into bed behind the ridge on the west. I wipe the dew off the face of my watch, 603am. I take a deep breath of the mountain air, as clean as pure spring water and then I feel nature begin to call. With the first task of the day accomplished, I pack up camp and prepare for the days hike. The higher up the mountain I go, more and more of my group members began to fade. Some of the members stop to rest on a log that has fallen victim to Mother Nature. Others pause to take pictures of themselves, overlooking the valley below. The lake glimmers from the suns rays and the cool north winds push the clouds across the sky. Feeling excited now, I want to keep going to get the view from the top. Sitting on a log to rest or taking pictures just does not face so appealing anymore. I do not know what about hiking in the mountains that became so addicting to me, but there is definitely something about it. Maybe it is the way that all my worries and troubles seem to disappear into the land. I run around all day climbing peak after peak, not thinking twice about the rest of the world. All the TVs, cell phones, palm pilots and other gadgets of the day that seem to keep me entertained at home are like a candle in the wind when compared to Mother Nature, who offers plenty to keep me occupied.

History of human Essay

The whole history of human affable is inseparably linked to the changes in the dynamics of the population growth that consequently pushed the start of the operate of migration. Since ancient times, humankind started to spread from its cradle across the world in quest for a better life. Just rec both the Bible stories ab f wholly out the 40 year trip of the Sons of Israel headed by Moses across the desert in search for the land of promise. It might be a fairy tale, but nevertheless it could be the real prove that mass migrations of population have already occurred in those times.Due to absence of reliable information, its very(prenominal) hard to estimate the dynamics of people migration throughout the world up to the reference of the XIX century. At that time European counties started to conduct population census relatively precocious to ultramodern standards. But lets get back to the very term migration. Heres the definitions given by the hyperdictionary. Migration 1. n the move ment of persons from genius country or locality to other 2. n the periodic passage of groups of animals (especially birds or fishes) from iodine region to another for feeding or breeding3. n (chemistry) the nonrandom movement of an atom or radical from one place to another within a molecule 4. n a group of people migrating together (especially in some(a) given time period). However, the definitions relating to the people migration is very brief and I would give the following definition to the term. Migration- is the movement of a person or a group of persons from one locality to other caused by different socioeconomic or other factors.We should differentiate between 2 main types of migration- internal- domestic (people move from one region to another within the borders of one country) and external-interstate migration (from one country to another) we also should discriminate between emigrants (leaving their homeland for a permanent settlement in oversees) and refugees-(those who seek escape from war and disasters, and those people fleeing from persecution establish on political or religious beliefs). In last decades the number of people looking for a better life has drastically increased.Nowadays, at the beginning of the XXI century nearly 1 of 35 tellurians is a migrant. If all these people would live in one common state, then it would be the twenty percent biggest by its population country on the planet with approximately 175 millions of inhabitants. It testifies, that migration is one of the most substantial global sociological phenomenon of our times having a inscrutable impact on the economies and societies ways of life. The last statement is completely proved by the history of the USA, the country that was founded by colonists or in other oral communication migrants.Since the October 12th of 1492 when Columbus have discovered a refreshful World, it became a tasty piece of pie for the European monarchies to bite- a perfect place to develop all the treasuries of virgin lands and spread the influence. But to conquer the New World, Old Europe gather uped to build settlements and it led to increase of migrants flow that went to America in trust to get richer, some to escape from never ending wars in Europe, from persecutions based on religious beliefs (Pilligrims), some to propagate Roman-Catholic Christianity.So, the conquest began, but it led to grand results- umteen local ethnic groups were wiped out (South America, conquistadors). The whole territory of the New World was divided between the European powers however the rivalry between them existed, as England was in a constant war with France and its allies. There were one much source for this tension not in Europe but in the New World- it was the population growth of the British continental colonies from 250 thousands people in 1700 up to 1.75 million in the 1760s. Step by step England forced out France and Spain over the most territories of North America, so London had a vast territories with the population greatly spread over them to guard. With time, the colony was becoming more and more detached from the British Empire. Trying to stop this process, England tried to grab the control over the colony, but with every year the confrontation between colonists and English parliament grew more and more, until in 1775 American revolution revolved.After gaining independence in 1783, the American society was a ethnic diversity British (not English as migrants were arriving from all the regions of British isles), French, Spanish colonists, Africans (taken to the continent as slaves), and aborigines- Indian tribes (gradually driven out from their homeland by the colonists). So came the 19th century, the times, when all the circumstances prosperous the economic growth of the former colony, as there pacify were un authentic and wealthy in natural resources lands.The unification of the States and abolishment of slavery favored the arriver of new migrants, so grow the labor force, and it must be added it was a cheap labor force. As a vivid example, is an American railroad carcass, in building of which Chinese immigrants took a great subprogram (in fact it was build on the bones of the letter, cause of the harsh conditions, absence of health security system and low pay). At those times, a domestic migration rates grew, caused by the well known discovery of gold in Alaska and California (Gold Fever). Poor people from all over the country rushed to those places in hope to find gold and get rich.By the end of 19 century the American nation still was not completely formed. It was rather a pot mix of nations than an ultimately formed nation. The flow of immigrants have not stopped, but received a new push after the beginning of WWI and with subsequent fall of European Empires (Austrian -Hungarian and Russian empire). In those and succeeding years, the number of emigrants from Europe, especially from former Russian Empire has drastically grown. Those emigrants helped to build the economy of the US, as many of them were not scarce simple unskilled workers, but in many cases intelligent persons.For example, Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky, a famous Russian-American aircraft designer, who was natural in Kiev (Ukraine, state within the Russian Empire) and after the revolution immigrated to the USA. Altogether, with his friends and companion-who were also emigrants from Russia, he founded his company Sikorsky Aviaengeneering that some time later became a part of United Aircraft company. In 1972 he passed away being a honorable member of different scientific societies and having a lot of different awards. The man is bypast long time ago, but still the design bureau bearing his name produce aircrafts.However, not always the migrants were warmly received. In last decades, many countries have made their policy line much tougher concerning reception and help given to refugees and immigrants. According to the UN statistics, such me asures have shown themselves in increased number of refugee consideration accordance denial. The emigrants and refugees experienced and experience lots of problems beside the migration rules and regulations, but also the confront a much more serious problem, such as xenophobia, a exceedingly negative attitude of native population toward the comersTherere many reasons for such attitude (just recall Martin Scorseses Gangs Of New York ). As usually migrants are coming from the poorer states and ready to work for less bullion then the native population. In most cases here, the natives are afraid that comers would take their job places. Moreover, illegal migrants may easily beef up the criminal lines, as in most cases they unqualified and unable to find job. Theres also a strike of cultures and mentalities.In such rugged conditions, the migrants start to consolidate and create detached groups, living on own principles, preserving their original way of life. Its some kind of a prot ective mechanism against new socium. For example, in many American cities, therere many culturally detached areas such as mainland China Town and Briton Beach (Russian quarters in Big Apple) etc. In those places, the migrants preserving their native culture and customs, its a place where the migrants attempt to procreate the things they had at homeland.Nevertheless, these days, immigrants constitute an important part of a labor market in industrially developed countries. According to the statistics of OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development), in many horse opera states, the interest for the labor potential of foreigners is on the rise. Here we could divide the demand for labor force into two categories- demand for unskilled and demand for qualified laborers. The developed countries are in a constant need for a cheap work force to work in some industries, where the local dont want to work, for example building industry.So here help the migrant workers. These lab orers in most cases work temporarily until their visa expire, then in some time they return back home otherwise become illegal immigrants. The qualified workers in most cases go to the developed countries for a permanent residence, called by the companies interested in their services. In most cases, these companies are working in the Hi-Tech sphere of business, and the latter is booming today, so theres a lack of well qualified staff to fit the demand.As one of the examples was a problem of Y2K, when most of IT companies in the USA and other countries felt the need to increase the number of qualified personnel to fix the bug in computers before the upcoming of the year 2000. Theres another very raise fact about the immigrants. Its the money they send back home to families, they are of a great splendor for developing countries economies. In values, such money transfers are taking the second place after the foreign investments as a source of oversees inpayments into the economy of d eveloping countries.In 2002 the total amount of man-to-man foreign transfers to developing countries constituted 72,3 billions dollars. The other important issue of that global community facing toady is illegal human trafficking. Its not just illegal border crossing, but a very profitable business for the international crime syndicates, that proliferates prostitution, slave labor etc. This problem is or highest importance for the international community and today theres an urgent need to consolidate all efforts of international bodies and of all the counties to stop this dirty business imbibe huge profits from the eternal human strive to find a better lifeReferences1. www. hyperdictionary. com 2. http//www. geocities. com/davidbofinger/vinland_h. htm 3. http//historicaltextarchive. com/sections. php? op=viewarticle&artid=651 4. http//historicaltextarchive. com/sections. php? op=viewarticle&artid=597 5. http//www. sikorskyarchives. com/indexlnk. html 6. http//www. un. org/popin/dat a. html 7. www. oecd. org 8. www. oecdobserver. org/

Negotiable Instrument

Plymouth Horizon automobile, John Lowbrows gave Sally a handwritten note which stated the interest l promise to stand $500 In two twin installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The pursuance language was included on the back of the physical composition The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the subject of this motion serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please see the synonymous security agreement for rights and obligations apposite thereto. Is this a negotiable Instrument? RULE 3-106 permits the Instrument to intimate the details of the underlying catch without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnnys 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure re payment of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It reference the subject of the contract regarding rights to repayment and acceleration.Negotiable InstrumentPlymouth Horizon automobile, John Lowbrows gave Sally a handwritten note which stated the following l promise to pay $500 In two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013. The following language was included on the back of the writing The 1990 Plymouth Horizon which Is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. The maker agrees not to sell or otherwise dispose of the collateral.Please see the corresponding security agreement for rights and obligations pertinent thereto. Is this a negotiable Instrument? RULE 3-106 permits the Instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. In exchange for Sally Johnnys 1990 Plymouth Horizon automobile, John $500 in two equal installments on July 1, 2013 and August 1, 2013.The following is the subject of this transaction serves as collateral to secure repayment of this note. A negotiable instrument? S 3-106 permits the instrument to mention the details of the underlying contract without destroying negotiability as long as payment of the note is not made subject to the performance of that contract. The instruments is negotiable because It reference the content of the contract regarding rights to repayment and acceleration.

Medical Ethics Abortion Essay

Most moral issues in medicine and healthcare will instigate lively debate, hardly no subject awaits to inflame tempers more than the question of spontaneous spontaneous stillbirth. The gulf between pro-life and pro-choice depose be an uncompromising stance of deeply held beliefs and principles. On the one hand, there is the withdraw that the fetus is a human being with the same right to life as any other human being, and miscarriage is therefore postcode less than murder. On the other hand, it is argued that a muliebrity has a right to choose what happens within her accept body, and is therefore skilfulified in deciding to have her foetus exterminated if she so wishes.Even a liberal view is problematic these tend to take the view that it is permissible for an terminateion to take place before a certain stage in the foetuses organic evolution, effective now non beyond that given elevation. Such an artouchrary spatial relation does seem difficult to quantify how can anyone determine the criteria that would navigate a decision that start outs termination accept adapted today but morally reprehensible tomorrow? It is sometimes argued that the foetus reaches personhood well before birth.By the tenth week, for example, it already has a face, arms and legs, fingers and toes it has internal organs, and brain activity is detectable.1 But does this undermine a womans right to self determinationcan it still be reasonable for her to choose abortion, given its level of development? We shall explore this question non from the perspective of whether the foetus is human, but from the premise that the womans rights over her body are more important than the life of the person or dispel person in her womb.2A Womans Right to Self-DefenceJudith Jarvis Thomson presents the following hypothesis3 a woman becomes pregnant and therefore learns that she has a cardiac condition that will cause her death if the maternal quality continues. Let us grant the foetus p ersonhood, with a right to life. Obviously the father too has a right to life, so how can we decide whos right to life is greater? A way of answering this question could be to say that an abortion is an act of aggression with the sole intention to kill. Whereas to do nothing would not be an attempt by anyone to murder the beget, rather to just let her die.The passivity of the latter could be seen as morally preferable than directly killing an innocent person. Thomson argues that It cannot seriously be said thatshe must sit passively by and wait for her death.4 There are two people problematic, both are innocent, but one is endangering the life of the other. Thomson reckons that in this scenario a woman is entitled to conduct herself against the threat posed by the unborn baby, in time if ultimately this will cause its death.I feel Thomson is correct in her appraisal. If an impartial judgement was sought-after(a) by an individual as to whose life has greater worth the foetus or the woman, they might not feel able to chooseboth lives could be seen to hold equal value. But there is nothing objective about the womans situationher life is endangered. If a person threatens my lifeeven if they are not conscious of their actionsI have a right to kill them, if that is the only course of action I can take to force back the attack.The scenario becomes less clear when we consider if a woman holds the same right to defend herself if the lengthiness of her pregnancy causes her serious health problems that are not terminal. Again, I would assess the situation in terms of an attack. Do I have a right to kill an assailant if he attempts to wound me? The answer, I think, is qualified upon breaker pointthe injury that would be inflicted. It seems reasonable that the degree of retaliation should be proportional to the severity of the attack.Similarly, a woman has the right to terminate her pregnancy if its continuation instigates a degree of illness that is severe enoug h to warrant that decision. The problem then is quantifying such comparatives. It might seem reasonable to nominate the woman involved as the person best qualified to make that decision, but shouldnt such judgments emanate from an objective source? After all, should I be able to take the law into my make men and choose whatever reprisal I thought necessary against my attacker?A Womans Right to self-possessionA woman holds proclaimership of her own body therefore she may abort her foetus if that is what she chooses it is in a very real sense her ownto dispose of as she wishes.5 Professor Thomson analogises it is not that the woman and foetus are like two tenants occupying a small house that has been mistakenly rented to both of themthe mother owns the house.6 But not all claims of ownership hold an automatic right to dispose of their property. John Harris gives an example7 suppose I own a life-saving drug, and have nothing planned for its use other than placing it on my shelf. If I meet a person who was drug-addicted on that drug otherwise they will die, I would not be morally entitled to withhold the drugit would be wrong of me to exercise that right.What Harris is expressing is that a woman may have the right to do what she wishes to her own body, but it would be wrong of her to exercise that right. The question then is does the value of ownership of your body take precedence over the value of the foetus? piazza is sometimes commandeered during war, and this action is usually justified because national security is thought to take priority over an individuals right to ownership.8 Another compelling, and I think decisive, argument comes from Mary Anne Warren. She states that ownership does not give me a right to kill an innocent person on my property, furthermore, it is also immoral to shun a person from my property if by doing so they will undoubtedly perish.9If one does not accept that a foetus is a human being, then the woman may have it removed from her body, similarly to having a kidney stone taken out. But if the foetus is believed to be a person, then I do not think any argument of ownership can hold up against the soundness of the given examples.A Foetuses Right to its Mothers BodyCan a womans right to choose abortion take priority over the foetuses right to life? Professor Thomson argues that a right to life does not guaranteehaving either a right to be given the use of or a right to be allowed continued use of another persons bodyeven if one needs it for life.10 Thomson goes on to give an example11, that if she was terminally ill, and the only thing that would save her life was the touch of Henry Fondas cool hand on her fevered brow, she would have no right to expect him to travel to her side and assist her in this way. No doubt, Thomson adds that it would be awfully nice of him, but she holds no right against him that he should do so.An obvious criticism is to argue that a woman has a special responsibility to her foetu s, precisely because she is its mothera responsibility that Henry Fonda does not owe, so the analogy, is rendered useless. But Thomson postulates that we do not have any such special responsibility for a person unless we have assumed it, explicitly or implicitly.12 Thomson therefore argues that if a pregnancy is unwanted, and the woman holds no emotional bond to the foetus, there is no holdfast and so no responsibility. A possible dispute to Thomsons idea is to suggest that the special responsibility is bonded through genes rather then emotion. If a shaver is born and the mother abandons it, her culpability is held through their mother and baby relationship rather then what the mother thinks of her baby.Another argument that can give claim by the foetus to its mothers body is one of contract.13 It could be said that by voluntarily engaging in sexual intercourse a womaneven if using contraceptionrisks the chance of pregnancy. By understanding the possible consequences of her actio ns, she must be seen as responsible for the existence of the foetus, because no roaming of contraception is known to be infallible. Since the woman is work outable for bringing the foetus into the world (albeit in her womb) she assumes an obligation to continue to provide nourishment for its survival.Michael Tooley offers an example that he believes analogises this argument14 there is a pleasurable act that I practice. But by engaging in it, it can have the unfortunate risk of destroying someones food supply. This will not cause the person any problem, as long as I continue to make such provisions, even though it causes me immense trouble and expense. Tooley says that he arranges things so that the probability of the pleasurable act having such an effect is as small as possible (contraception). But he says that if things do go wrong, he is still responsible for the person needing food, and therefore obligated to supplying the food needed. Tooley believes that erstwhile we engag e in an activity that can potentially create a child, then we assume responsibility for its needs, even if bringing that child into existence was unintended and precautions were taken to prevent that outcome.Professor Thomson offers her own powerful analogy in contrast to the above viewIf the room is stuffy, and I therefore open a window to air it, and a brigand climbs in, it would be absurd to say, Ah, now he can stay, shes given him a right to the use of her housefor she is partially responsible for his presence there, having voluntarily done what enabled him to get in, in full knowledge that there are such things as burglars, and that burglars burgle. It would be still more absurd to say this if I had had bars installed outside my windows, precisely to prevent burglars from getting in, and a burglar got in only because of a defect in the bars.15Abortion, Due to RapeAs already stated, most views against abortion base their purview from the value they place on the foetuses life. Even so, in the case where pregnancy had occurred through rape, most opponents of abortion would believe that there would be sufficient vindication for termination. Obviously, there is something paradoxical about thisif the foetus is valuable because it is human, it is obviously no less human because its mother had been raped.So how can some opponents of abortion hold such contradictory ideas? Janet Radcliffe Richards explains that when a woman is forced to continue pregnancy until childbirth, the child is being utilize as an instrument of punishment to the mother, and that talk of the sanctity of life is being used to disguise the fact.16 The only thing that a woman that wants to abort for reasons of accidental pregnancy has done differently, is to of engaged willingly to sexand that is what she is being punished for.17Richards offers an interesting approach to the apparent inconsistency stated, although I dont find its supposition altogether convincing. I think the double-stand ards described, portray an individual that holds only a relative sagaciousness to the value of life that is held by the foetus. That is, the foetus is human, with rights, but not as human and not as much rights as an adult human being. And this is how I feel critics of abortion consider priority to women in rape cases.A Fathers RightTo what degree, if any, does the fathers opinion count on whether his unborn child should die at the hands of the mother? After all, the foetus is very much a part of himsharing his genetic make-up. It is noted by John Harris18 that a man is not entitled to violate a woman for the purpose of impregnating herthat is rapeso then it follows that he must not violate her by forcing his wishes for a pregnancy to continue until birth. The counter argument is that by agreeing to sex, a woman has tacitly agreed to carry the mans child.Ultimately the womans opinion must take priority over the mansbecause she has to carry the foetus, but, once a foetus is formed, one can have a degree of sympathy for the mans situation. If copulation had taken place for the purpose of impregnation, then why should the man suffer a feeling of loss just because his partner changes her mind? Where contraception is used, his argument may be weakenedthey did not intend parenthood. But if both were planning for a baby, is it fare that once that child exists, the mother can take it away from its father, even though he has done no wrong?A Right to DeathIf a pregnancy is terminated during its early stages, the foetus will undoubtedly die. But if an abortion takes place later in pregnancy, and by some miracle survives, the mother has no right to secure the death of the unborn child.19 If the baby was still unwanted, the woman may be utterly devastated by the thought of a child, a bit of herself, put out for adoption and never seen or heard of again20 but she can only demand her separation from it she may not order its execution.I guess there would be few opponents to this assertion but it is interesting to understand why. If a person accepts the permissibility of abortion, how is it so different to kill a child that survives its attempted termination? Presumably the foetus has acquired rights that it didnt hold inside the womb, or perhaps the woman loses her rights during that transition. It seems strange that location should alter the foetuses perspective so drasticallyafter all, it is the same being. It could be argued that it is independence that qualifies the foetus for its right to live. When it no longer needs its mother for survival, and is not reliant upon her in any way, she loses the right to decide its fate.Professor Thomsons explanation is somewhat different she too agrees that there is no justification for a woman to order the death of a foetus that lives following an abortion, but her reasoning is not dependent upon any acquisition or loss of rights. Thomson argues that a termination is just the right for a woman to detach the foet us from her body. This is not an act of murder (even though its death is inevitable during its infancy) but an entitlement to liberation, whatever its outcome.21Professor Thomson presents an account that would be reasonable if the act of abortion was purely an attempt of separation. But in fact the procedure used is an attempt, not only to detach and remove the foetus, but to kill it.22 If the abortionist fails in this task, then Thomson allows the baby a right to live. But as the method of termination is designed for the foetus to die, I believe it renders Thomsons point unsound.ConclusionProfessor Thomson concedes that It would be indecent in the woman to request an abortion, and indecent in a doctor to perform it, if she is in her seventh month, and wants the abortion just to avoid the nuisance of postponing a trip abroad.23 So, even staunch defendants of feminist ethics feel compelled to consider the foetuses interests once its development reaches a mature stage. It could be arg ued that the foetus has become a baby, and abortion is therefore tantamount to infanticide.I believe that anyone can exercise their right to self-defence if their life is threatened, and a woman can use her prerogative against the unborn baby at any stage of its development without recrimination. However, I feel that a womans right to expel her foetus for any other reason has only relative justification. Relative because a womans rights to abort become less valid as the foetus develops.There is, in my opinion, a necessary correlation between foetal development and a womans right to termination. A woman may exercise her choice without compromise during early pregnancy, because the foetus is nothing more then potential, but justification becomes less palatable as potential becomes actualised. Can a woman really hold the same rights to choose what happens within her own body when the foetus is twenty five weeks old, as she did when it was ten weeks old?As previously mentioned, arbitrar ily choosing a point in the foetuses life and exclaiming before this point the thing is not a person, after this point it is a person, does appear contrived. But its comparison with before this point a woman can choose, after this point she cant does seem vindicated against less satisfactory views. The purpose of this essay was to assess a case for abortion that was not dependent on the foetuses right to life, but instead to appreciate a womans right to choose. I dont believe that either position can be considered without respecting the rights of the other. Therefore, in my opinion a woman holds considerable rights but they are only relative to the foetuses level of development.BIBLIOGRAPHYDwyer, Susan, The Problem of Abortion. London Wadsworthpublication Company, 1997Glover, Jonathan, Causing Death and Saving Lives. London Penguin Books, 1997Harris, John, The Value of Life. London Routledge, 1985Info on Abortion Abortion, Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopaedia, http//en.wikipedia.org/wi ki/AbortionOther_means_of_ abortionRichards, Janet, The Sceptical Feminist. Harmondsworth Pelican, 1982Sherwin, Susan, No Longer Patient. Philadelphia Temple University Press, 1992Thomson, Judith, A Defence of Abortion, Philosophy and Public Affairs, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1971 pp. 47-66Tooley, Michael, Abortion and Infanticide. London Oxford University Press, 1983Warren, Marry Anne, On the Moral and Legal shape of Abortion, The Monist, 1973

Deception Point Page 79

Silent black helicopters.The conspiracy theorists were going nuts over these. Some claimed the invasion of silent black helicopters was proofread of New World Order storm troopers under the authority of the United Nations. Others claimed the choppers were silent a reposen probes. Still others who saw the Kiowas in tight formation at night were deceived into thinking they were tone at fixed running lights on a much larger craft-a single flying saucer that was apparently sure-footed of vertical flight.Wrong again. But the military loved the diversion.During a recent covert mission, Delta-One had flown a Kiowa armed with the most secretive new U.S. military technology-an tricky holographic weapon nicknamed S M. Despite conjuring associations with sadomasochism, S M stood for smoke and mirrors-holographic images projected into the sky over enemy territory. The Kiowa had used S M technology to project holograms of U.S. aircraft over an enemy anti-aircraft installation. The panicked an ti-aircraft gunners fired maniacally at the circling ghosts. When all of their ammunition was gone, the United States sent in the real thing.As Delta-One and his men lift off the runway, Delta-One could still hear the words of his controller. You fetch another mark. It seemed an egregious under-statement considering their new targets identity. Delta-One reminded himself, however, that it was not his place to question. His team had been given an order, and they would bundle it disclose in the exact method instructed-as shocking as that method was.I hope to hell the controller is certain this is the right move.As the Kiowa lifted off the runway, Delta-One headed southwest. He had seen the FDR Memorial twice, but tonight would be his first time from the air.93This meteorite was originally ascertained by a Canadian geologist? Gabrielle Ashe stared in astonishment at the young programmer, Chris Harper. And this Canadian is now dead?Harper gave a grim nod.How long have you known this? she demanded.A couple of weeks. later on the administrator and Marjorie Tench forced me to perjure myself in the press conference, they knew I couldnt go back on my word. They told me the truth almost how the meteorite was rattling discovered.PODS is not liable for finding the meteorite Gabrielle had no idea where all of this information would lead, but clearly it was scandalous. Bad news for Tench. Great news for the senator.As I mentioned, Harper say, looking somber now, the true way the meteorite was discovered was through an intercepted radio transmission. Are you familiar with a program called INSPIRE? The Interactive NASA Space Physics Ionosphere radio set Experiment.Gabrielle had heard of it only vaguely.Essentially, Harper said, its a series of very low frequency radio receivers near the North Pole that listen to the sounds of the earth-plasma wave emissions from the Union lights, broadband pulses from lightning storms, that sort of thing.Okay.A few weeks ago, one of INSPIREs radio receivers picked up a stray transmission from Ellesmere Island. A Canadian geologist was calling for help at an exceptionally low frequency. Harper paused. In fact, the frequency was so low that nobody other than NASAs VLF receivers could possibly have heard it. We assumed the Canadian was long-waving.Im sorry?Broadcasting at the lowest possible frequency to get maximum distance on his transmission. He was in the middle of nowhere, remember a standard frequency transmission probably would not have made it far enough to be heard.What did his message say?The transmission was short. The Canadian said he had been out doing ice soundings on the Milne Ice Shelf, had detected an ultradense anomaly buried in the ice, suspected it was a giant meteorite, and while taking measurements had flex trapped in a storm. He gave his coordinates, asked for rescue from the storm, and signed off. The NASA listening post sent a plane from Thule to rescue him. They searched for hours and netly discovered him, miles off course, dead at the bottom of a crevasse with his sled and dogs. Apparently he tried to outrun the storm, got blinded, went off course, and fell into a crevasse.Gabrielle considered the information, intrigued. So dead NASA knew about a meteorite that nobody else knew about?Exactly. And ironically, if my software had been working properly, the PODS satellite would have spotted that same meteorite-a week before the Canadian did.The coincidence gave Gabrielle pause. A meteorite buried for three hundred years was almost discovered twice in the same week?I know. A little bizarre, but skill can be like that. Feast or famine. The point is that the administrator felt like the meteorite should have been our discovery anyway-if I had done my job correctly. He told me that because the Canadian was dead, nobody would be the wiser if I simply redirected PODS to the coordinates the Canadian had transmitted in his SOS. Then I could pretend to discover the meteorit e from scratch, and we could salvage some mention from an embarrassing failure.And thats what you did.As I said, I had no choice. I had let down the mission. He paused. Tonight, though, when I heard the Presidents press conference and found out the meteorite Id pretended to discover contained fossils You were stunned.Bloody well floored, Id sayDo you think the administrator knew the meteorite contained fossils before he asked you to pretend PODS found it?I cant imagine how. That meteorite was buried and untouched until the first NASA team got there. My best guess is that NASA had no idea what theyd really found until they got a team up there to drill cores and x-ray. They asked me to lie about PODS, thinking theyd have a moderate victory with a big meteorite. Then when they got there, they realized just how big a find it really was.Gabrielles breath was shallow with excitement. Dr. Harper, will you testify that NASA and the White House forced you to lie about the PODS software?I do nt know. Harper looked frightened. I cant imagine what genial of damage that would do to the agency to this discovery.Dr. Harper, you and I both know this meteorite remains a wonderful discovery, regardless of how it came about. The point here is that you lied to the American people. They have a right to know that PODS is not everything NASA says it is.I dont know. I despise the administrator, but my coworkers they are good people.And they deserve to know they are being deceived.And this secern against me of embezzlement?You can erase that from your mind, Gabrielle said, having almost forgotten her con. I will tell the senator you know nothing of the embezzlement. It is simply a frame job-insurance set up by the administrator to keep you quiet about PODS.Can the senator protect me?Fully. Youve done nothing wrong. You were simply following orders. Besides, with the information youve just given me about this Canadian geologist, I cant imagine the senator will even need to raise the issue of embezzlement at all. We can focus entirely on NASAs misinformation regarding PODS and the meteorite. at once the senator breaks the information about the Canadian, the administrator wont be able to risk trying to discredit you with lies.Harper still looked worried. He fell silent, somber as he pondered his options. Gabrielle gave him a moment. Shed realized earlier that there was another troubling coincidence to this story. She wasnt going to mention it, but she could see Dr. Harper needed a final push.

Harmonium and Nettles Essay

organ and Nettles two highlight the theme of memory. As they both are looking back over past memories that are painful, the poems feature the feelings of being helpless in conk outping the hurt that was ca apply. The writer in Harmonium feels remorse for the things he hadnt said to his arrest as Armitage states then mouth in reply some shallow sorry phrase or word too starved of breath to make itself heard. The writer in Nettles is protective of the recurring threat to his child that he cant destroy. rain had called up tall recruits behind the shed, this quote shows the father cannot destroy them .They differ in the way they felt powerless however as in Nettles the father is feeling powerless because of a physical threat whereas in Harmonium it is an emotional threat of the inevibility of death and unspoken feelings that makes the writer feel powerless. what is more they both include the reality of family life as the poems are realistic and the poems, especially Nettles, have bot h the love and misery of family relationships. In Nettles the love in the poem is the protective instincts of a parent towards his son solely the misery is the Nettles that had hurt his child and the fact that being protective isnt enough to stop him from getting hurt. The realistic relationship in Harmonium is the family resentment and frustration from a son to his father. We can tell that the writer resents and is frustrated by his father as it says and he being him cant help but say. and I, being me which shows that he is frustrated at their relationship. However the Harmonium is used to describe his father so therefore his family life whereas in Nettles it is reversed. The Nettles, that had caused pain for the boy, is actually describing soldiers and war therefore the underlying message is not about family but about war and the underlying message in Harmonium is not about the Harmonium but about family.

12 Angry Men Movie Analysis Essay

aft(prenominal) the jurymans go to the meeting live to discuss and arrive at consensus whether the young male child is flagitious or non, we get to invite different personalities combined to form a conclave to resolve the issue. Initi anyy 11 appear of 12 jurors voted in favour of male child organism vicey. at that placefore, first prominent thing I noticed was that there was lack of conviction nearly the criticality of the issue. People had already formed their judgement to begin with they stepped into the meeting room. They believed the testimonies of several eyewitnesses and the contr everyplacesys of the prosecutor leading to the conclusion that the son was criminal. In the beginning, 11 out of 12 jurors were not sensitive nearly the seriousness of the last they were going to make and the impact it was going to have on the young male childs life. They were not ready to waste any time all over discussing that issue because they had already perceived the young son guilty based on his background and offenses he committed before as well as the jurors previous experiences in life.See moreManifest Destiny essayWhen the protagonist in the pic provideed opposition to agree the boys guilt, hence the rest of the spate became frustrated since they had to get on with to consensus to give a judgement. This showed the conviction and thoughtfulness of the protagonist to the criticality of their objective as jurors. It was also discernable that being a minority does not cerebrate you have to go majoritys focusing under the influence or pres authoritative of majority against your wish. later lis disco biscuiting to the protagonist, juror triped changing their original guilty finish one by one. This showed their willingness to change their stance having been convinced by the protagonists logic. adorer stuck to the practicality of the situation and logic in order to lick the possible flaws in the testimonies of the eye witnesses by reproducing the situations and verifying the possibility of au thuslyticity of the testimony.In doing so, he influenced the members of the group that there are lacunae in the testimonies, and the benefit of doubt needs to be given to the boy when it is a librate of his life and death. The various people in the group started applying their mind and making superstar of the possible flaws in the testimonies. Many started to pitch in their ideas and the protagonist was listening to them all and victimisation them to strengthen his shot of uncertainty about boy being guilty. Now they started utilizing the resources in the group to make the most informed decision. The group dynamics was at work the best. They were supplementing each early(a)s logic by their consume logic in order to make a conclusion of the veracity of the narrate and its testimony. There were a couple of aggressive people in the group.When one of them lashed out at the experient homo in the group, an some(preno minal) other person intervened and warned him not to repeat diss behaviour. Thus, along the way the group stated forming norms about the behaviour in the group. to a fault, when one man changed his judgement just for the sake of it in order to come to consensus sooner than later, then another person make it a point to him by verbalise that he needed to present his logic for changing his decision and he did not want to accept his yes or no just for the sake of it. Some people engaged themselves in social loafing without find out to the seriousness of the objective they were reminded of the objective by others. Last person son left so he was seeing his son in the young boy.12 Angry Men Movie Analysis EssayIntroductionThis moving-picture show analysis will focus on the movie 12 Angry Men. There will be comparisons between the movie and the different negotiation tactics used in the movie and even in class. There were lessons erudite from this movie and it gave new ways of estimat eing. This movie does a great job of using negotiation to win over a case when you are the odd man out.SummaryThis movie focuses on a jury deliberating a first-degree murder charge on an octetteeen year old boy. The boy is accused of stinging his stimulate to death. If found guilty of the charges, the eighteen year old boy will face the death sentence. There are many reasons as to why the boy looks guilty. He has a weak alibi, he claims to have lost the wound he bought, which was the alike(p) knife found at the murder scene, and there are witnesss saying they either saw the killing or saw the boy leaving the a fictional characterment. Out of the twelve jurors, eleven of them think the boy is guilty, except one. This is juror number eight. He claims he just does not know if the boy is guilty or not guilty, and wants to talk.The entire jurors quickly begin naming all the reasons why the boy is guilty. For each reason, juror number eight questions each reasoning the other jurors b ring up. He states a lot in the movie is it possible? This question starts to put doubt in the other jurors minds about the boys guilt. Also with the ongoing deliberation, the jurors are starting to learn more about themselves and their personalities and this is causing them to vote not guilty. Some realize they are prejudice or are holding grudges, or they are simply voting guilty because of their backgrounds. With each reason and deliberation, juror number eight continues to attempt to convince the other jurors that voting not guilty may not genuinely be correct.jurywoman eight is hesitant about sending a boy to mutter without talking about it first. He does think that from the rill the boy is guilty, but hes just not too sure about it. He remains calm throughout the whole deliberation. The only time he shows signs of anger is when two other jury members start run acrossing tic-tac-toe. This bothers him because everyone should be compensable attention to what is going on and not vie games. He questions every incident with Is it possible? The best negotiators spend time asking questions, staying curious, and un divvy uping the other sides views of the situation, facts, interests, and priorities. Throughout the deliberation, he uncovers information never presented at the trial, and helps the other jurors to think that it just may not be possible the boy could be guilty.Characters & PersonalitiesEach character in the movie has a different personality about them which influences their decision on the verdict and they each express their own opinions based on their characteristics. Each juror presents a part in the movie where their personalities reflect back on a certain argument in the case.Juror one (Martin Balsam) is also known as the foreman of the group. He is put in charge to run the deliberation between all of the jurors. He likes that he has authority to run the group, but isnt very assertive in doing so.Juror two (John Fiedler) is quiet and goes a long with what everyone else says. He changes his vote early, though, to not guilty. He mentions about the height difference between the father and the boy, and how the boy would go about stabbing him.Juror trey (Lee J. Cobb) is the unwarranted member of the group. He is convinced the boy is guilty no matter what anyone says. He sees no point in discussing the boys sinlessness. There comes a time in the movie where he discusses that when his son was fifteen, he got in a fight with him and his son hit him. He hasnt seen his son ever since. Juror terzetto is angry with his son for his actions and for leaving, that he is taking out this anger on the boy in trial.Juror four (E.G. Marshall) is very convinced that the boy is guilty. He shows no sign of emotion and is able to recall much of what happened throughout the trial. He gets nervous though, as he understructurenot recall a certain movie he saw the other iniquity, just as the boy could not do the afore verbalize(prenominal). Juror fiver (Jack Klugman) is a shy man. He lived in a slum all his life and can almost relate to the boy on trial, for he lives in a slum as well. He is an smart at using a switch knife, which comes in handy during the deliberation.Juror six (Edward Binns) is quite during the deliberation. He questions the boys motive for wanting to kill his father.Juror septette (Jack Warden) wants the deliberation to be over as quick as possible because he has tickets to a baseball game later that evening. He votes not guilty and does not wish to discuss why or why not.Juror eight (Henry Fonda) votes not guilty from the start of their meeting. He doesnt know for sure if the boy is not guilty he just wants to talk about it. He manages to cast reasonable doubt with the jurors on the boys innocence based on many aspects of the trial. He remains clam and patient throughout the deliberation.Juror lodge (Joseph Sweeney) is an old man. He is the second person to vote not guilty, for he wants to hear more about the case. He is very observant, as he notices something about one of the witnesss during the trial.Juror ten (Ed Begley) is also an angry man. He is racist, and also very prejudice against people who come from a slum, which is why he believes the boy is guilty.Juror eleven (George Voskovec) takes the trial seriously. He stands up for what he believes in. He questions the boys actions a lot such as if he really would have returned the his house three hours after the murder happened.Juror 12 (Robert Webber) is a smart man. He works for an advertising agency and has a hard time explaining his choice for changing his vote to not guilty.During the deliberation, certain parts of the characters personalities p direct a part for different concepts. One example is with Juror five. During the trial, the boy was convicted of murdering is father using a switch knife as the weapon and stabbing his father down in the chest. Juror two makes a point on the height difference between the boy and his father, and how the boy would proceed to kill his father, meaning how he would have stabbed him. Juror five explains that he used to play with switch knives when he was around the boys age, and knows how to use one.During the trial, it was stated that the boy was an expert at using a switch knife. Juror five goes to demonstrate exactly how the boy would have pulled out the knife and stabbed his father from underneath. He said it would take too much time to switch detainment and stab down in his chest. Without Juror five having the knowledge and his personal characteristic of using a switch knife, the jury would have never learned how an experienced knife handler would have used the weapon.TacticsIn this section we will talk about a few of the tactics that we got the actors/characters using during the film. A few of this tactics were talked about during our class and case studies but some of the tactics were commonly used in everyday negotiations by everyone. We talked a bout designer and how you could use major authority to get your way you could use facts against the other party because facts are something you cannot ignore and emotions. Emotions are a hard tactic to win because you need to set aside your emotions so you can make a fair and honest judgment or answer.PowerJuror eight shows role over the other jurors. He has information the other jurors do not know about, and he is able to negotiate with them more. Information power is derived from the negotiators ability to assemble and organize facts and data to support his or her position, arguments, or desired outcomes. The other jurors only listened to what was presented in the trial. But Juror eight actually thought about the facts presented, and went out to look for more information. One way he did this was with the knife. The boy had bought the same knife used to kill his father the same night the murder happened. The boy claimed he had lost the knife, as it had fell through his pocket on his way to the movies.The owner of the shop where he had bought the knife claimed it was very unique, and he had never seen any other kind like it in his store. Juror eight asks to see the knife found at the crime scene. Everyone else is convinced this is the same knife the boy had bought, until Juror eight surprises them and pulls out the exact same knife. He says that he went out walking the previous night in the boys neighborhood and came across a shop just two blocks away from the boys house. He saw the same knife and bought it at a cheap cost. He proved to the other jurors that it is possible the boy could have dropped his knife, because that knife isnt as unique as the thought.Another part where Juror eight has power is when they are debating about whether or not the old man perceive the boy scream Im going to kill you According to the testimony, the boy had yelled those words right as the L-Train was sledding by the window. Is it possible the old man heard the boy scream that? Juror eight stated that he had lived in an apartment next to the L tracks before and the sound of a train passing by is unbearable. Another juror said he had just finished painting one of the apartments and agreed that the sound is very loud. Juror eight had power over the others for he himself knew that the sound was very loud and it may not be possible the old man heard the boy say these things. creation of FactsThe way the facts were presented during the movie were all facts the jurors figured out themselves while deliberating, and not during the trial. There were many unanswered questions during the trial which caused Juror eight to question whether the boy was guilty or not. The defense attorney left out a lot of important information that was uncovered during the jurys deliberation.One of these facts dealt with the old man who claimed he saw the boy running game down the stairs from his apartment. The more the jury talked about the old man and what he said, the more Jur or eight questioned if he had really seen the boy or not. One of the jurors pointed out that the man was dragging his left foot behind him, but difficult to cover it up because he was ashamed. During the trial, the old man stated he heard a body hit the floor, and someone starting to run. He then said it took him no more than 15 seconds after he heard the body hit the floor to run out of his apartment and to the stairs to witness the boy running down them. Juror 8 thought then if it really could have interpreted him 15 seconds if he was dragging his left leg.This is when the jurors played out the scene to figure it out themselves. They were able to get a diagram of the apartment and measure out the dimensions of the room they were in. Juror eight walked the length of the room and back, while Juror two timed him. As he approached the end, Juror 2 said it took 41 seconds to walk the length they had measured out. By playing out the scene of the old man, this proved the fact it could n ot have taken the man 15 seconds, and he could not have seen the boy running down the stairs.Another important fact happened during the very end of the deliberation. At this point, everyone but two people believed the boy was innocent. Juror four says his reasoning for believe the boy is guilty is because of the woman across the street who claims she saw the murder herself. As he is talking, he takes his glasses off and begins rubbing the outside part of his nose where his glasses lay. Juror nine notices this, and asks him why he rubs his nose like that. Juror four says it is from his glasses, that they bother his nose, so he rubs him. Juror nine notices the markings on his nose from his glasses, and recalls the woman had the exact same markings on her face. He then asks Juror four if there is any other possible way to get those same markings on his nose, and he replies no. Juror eight then starts to say that the woman was lying, for she did not see the boy kill his father, for she was trying to fall asleep, and she wouldnt be wearing her glasses to bed.These two examples show how hidden facts slowly come out. This is information left out from the trial that everyone missed, until now. After proving these statements, the jurors started to have doubt in their minds about the boy. Its important to look at every aspect in as much detail as possible or you could miss out on something. Sure, the old man can say it took him 15 seconds, but as it turns out, it took him longer than that. And sure, the woman can say she saw the boy kill her father, but really all she saw was a blur, for she did not have her glasses on. You cant invariably go by what you hear. You have to dig deeper to discover any hidden information that could help against your situation. This is what Juror eight did and it helped support his case.Also from these two examples, it goes to show that you cant always believe what you hear. The witnesss both were under oath as they spoke in trial, but they could just be doing that for attention. Juror nine points this out for the old man, as he can relate. He is old and unnoticed. He just wants attention, so he could have made himself believe he saw the old man when he really didnt. As for the woman and the glasses, she didnt wear her glasses to the trial because she wanted to leaven her appearance. So she said she saw the boy, seeing as if she didnt wear glasses at all, but really she did for she had the markings on her nose.EmotionsNegotiations often evoke a variety of emotions, especially fear and anger. Emotions can cause intense and even irrational behavior, and can cause conflicts to escalate and negotiations to break down. Juror three from the start showed angry signs of emotion throughout the whole deliberation. He stated how he hadnt seen his son in two years, and all his anger from his son is taken out on the boy on trial. Juror three wants everyone to agree with him. No matter what information is presented, he sticks with his vote of guilty. He gets mad whenever deduction is brought up or someone proves something wrong. His emotions reach a peak whenever Juror eight calls him a sadist.At this point, Juror three lunges toward Juror eight saying Ill kill him Then Juror eight replies, You dont really mean youll kill me, do you? This proves his point about how sometimes people say things they really dont mean. His emotions got the best of him, and he realized that he really wouldnt kill the juror. Having your emotions from your personal life come into play during a negotiation is not always a honest thing. Juror three should not have taken his anger out on the boy or even on Juror eight because of his son. He was angry at his son for leaving, but he should have put that aside for the deliberation. Having your emotions lay out like that on the table can cause you not to think about the important facts that need to be focused on.Juror eight shows emotion in a positive way. He stays very calm throughout the whole deliberation. By showing no sign of angry emotion, this allows him to keep his composure and control of what he is trying to get across. If negotiators feel positively attracted, they are more likely to feel confident and, as a result, to persist in trying to get their concerns and issues addressed in the negotiation and to achieve better outcomesBiasId like to spend some time discussing an issue that I feel is very important to recognize when it comes to negotiations. This is the issue of bias. We had several discussions in class about bias. The thing that most fascinates me about the concept of bias, is that everyone tends to have a different opinion about it. It can be a very grey area, and many people have vary feelings on its presence and its pitch on peoples behavior.Personally, I feel that its impossible to completely eliminate all bias from a situation. Even when looking at something objectively, bias still exists. It comes from personal characteristics, experien ces, and opinions. This movie does a great job of showing how bias can have an aftermath on negotiations.Id like to cite an example from the film regarding juror number ten. This juror is an old man who is very set in his ways. He is among the eleven jurors who found the boy guilty of murder. However, his reason for voting guilty comes from a very different place than the others. The evidence seems to favor a guilty vote, but the film shows us that this gentlemans vote was sealed the minute he learned the boy was from a slum. During the deliberations, this juror seconds an argument made by a fellow juror. He says, Brother, you can say that again. The kids who crawl out of these places are real trash. Regardless of this evidence, this shows a bias against the boy from the start. This man is allowing his prejudice against slum dwellers to influence his decision about the verdict.The juror across the table then takes offense to this comment. Ive lived in a slum all my life, says the ju ror. This should quell the old mans argument, but it doesnt. He still feels strongly about his position, even though a man from a similar background clearly hasnt followed a path that trash might follow. This demonstrates the power of bias.The greatest example of overcoming bias in this film occurs in the very last minutes. By this point, the jury has reached a vote of 11 to 1 for not guilty. The lone juror who still maintains the boys guilt is juror number three. This is the man who hasnt seen his own son in over two years. Earlier in the deliberations, he explained how he and his son got into a fight when the boy was still a teenager. His son hit him, and things were never the same between them. As the talks between the jurors continues, it becomes more and more evident that this man has a bias against the boy on trial because of what transpired with his own boy. He wants to see this boy killed because he resents his own son for what occurred between them. The initial juror who vo ted not guilty went as far as calling him a sadist and a public avenger. In the final scene, that juror asks the man to counterbalance his arguments one last time. There is a reasonable doubt in the minds of eleven jurors, and he wants to know why there isnt one in his.Juror number three begins explaining, yelling the entire time. You can see him acquire more and more upset as he continues to pour over evidence that the other men have already proven shaky. Finally, he rips up the picture of him and his son that has slid out of his wallet on the table. He then bursts into tears and cries, Not guilty, not guilty. It was clearly painful for him to confront what happened with his son head on like that. This was creating his bias the entire time. When the evidence appeared to support the boys guilt, his bias was less prevalent. But when the evidence that started out convincing ended up being questionable, his bias began to show. He still wanted the boy to be found guilty because of it. This really makes you wonder how often this occurs in the real world. How many innocent men and women have been sent to jail because of dark members of a perceived impartial jury? Its an imperfect system, dealing with a very inexact science. Recognizing this is very important.From this course, and from analyzing this film, I have strengthened my smell that bias cant be eliminated. All a negotiator can do is recognize that bias is constant, and do their best to minimize its effect on their decision making process. If a negotiator recognizes this, they can do more negotiating based on facts and figures rather than personal biases and opinions.Power and PersuasionAn raise aspect of this movie, as it continues to relate to this course, is the use of power and persuasion. What I find most interesting about power, is the myriad of ways through which it may be obtained. In class, we discussed several ways that power is obtained, and also how it can be used. In this movie, there are man y circumstances where the jurors attempt to use power to persuade one another.Perhaps the most prevalent example at an attempt to use power to persuade the others is shown by juror number three. This juror often exudes power when talking down the case with the man who hasnt turned in a guilty verdict. He begins by explaining all of the evidence again. He discusses the old man who claims he heard the boy, the old lady who says she saw the boy, and the knife discovered by the police who arrived at the murder scene. He is very confident in this evidence, and feels as though he has the power because of it. After taking this course, I find that this is the best way to gain power in a negotiation. The more information you have to support your argument, the more power you have. In turn, this often results in achieving your goals in the negotiation.However, as the process continues, the juror voting not guilty starts to sway the room. The oldest man on the jury is the first to change his vo te. The juror from the slums changes his vote not long after that. As this is happening, it appears that juror number three feels as though he is losing power in this negotiation. To counter this, he begins raising his voice when talks. Before long, he is all but yelling at the other jurors who have changed their votes. He attempts to retain his power through intimidation once he sees that the evidence, which he thought was solid, is shown to be shaky and imprecise.Another example of how power is used to persuade others in this film is demonstrated by the stock broker, otherwise known as juror number four. It appears that this juror feels an immediate sense of power in this scenario because he is one of the most, if not the most, accomplished gentleman of the group. He feels that he is probably the most intelligent man on this jury, and demonstrates that when talks. He recalls much of the information from the trial very accurately, and with no notes. He also explains very clearly wh y he feels the way he feels. Power through intellectual superiority can be very persuasive, and influential. The man he is attempting to persuade does a very good job of keeping his composure.He doesnt challenge the brokers power. In fact, he affirms it. He appears to respect that the juror is making valid points and backup his argument. He goes a different route. He simply takes an issue and asks, Is it possible? While the other jurors refute this claim, the broker remains quiet. As the man slowly begins to disprove some of the testimony from the case, you can see the broker questioning his verdict more intently. Finally, he changes his vote to not guilty. This is where everything turns. The other jurors picked up on the quiet power exuded by the broker, and respected it all along. Once he turned in a not guilty vote, it was only a matter of time before the others joined him. This is convincing tell that this man had a great deal of power in this negotiation.In a less undefeated attempt to gain power, the angry old man attempts to convince the man of the boys guilt through a power in amount technique. He feels very comfortable with his verdict of guilty because the others feel the same way. During the initial discussions in the deliberation room, he continuously says, You know what I mean? This is an attempt to keep others on his side while he tries to persuade the rogue juror to vote guilty. He feels he has power in this negotiation because he has the majority on his side. This is a common tactic in negotiations. As the film progresses and more and more jurors change their verdict, you can easily see the power leaving the angry old man. He is forced to confront his prejudice and accept that he was wrong. When he is no longer in the majority, his sense of power quickly fades.He becomes defensive and weak as more and more people leave his side. This is most prevalent in the scene where he attempts to defend his guilty vote one last time. He stands up, and c ontinues yelling and shouting his narrow minded opinions, much as hed through with(p) the entire time. His arguments, now more than ever, are being entirely disregarded, and for good reason. Each point he is making is based solely on prejudice. He thinks he is powerful, but nothing he is saying is based on fact, or really has anything to do with the case.One by one, the other jurors begin getting up from the table and ignoring him. Even the juror who was consistently making wise cracks during the deliberations is looking away from him. Soon, no one in the room is backing him. He then retires to the corner, alone. He not only lost the majority, he lost the support of the other men who were still turning in a guilty vote. This is a great example of power shifting, which we discussed in class. You asked us if its possible for power to shift during a negotiation, and this is a good demonstration of how it can. whole kit and caboodle CitedAng, S., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C.K.S. (2006). Per sonality correlates of the four factor model of cultural intelligence. Group and Organization Management, 31, 100-123.Diamond, S. (2010). Getting More How to Negotiate to Achieve Your Goals in the Real World. vernal York City, NY Crown Publishing Group.Earley, P.C., & Ang, S. (2003). Cultural intelligence Individual interactions across cultures. Palo Alto Stanford University Press.Gates, S. (2011). The Negotiation Book Your Definitive Guide To Successful Negotiating (1st ed.). United Kingdom, UK John Wiley and Sons LTD. shell , R. G. (2006). Bargaining for Advantage Negotiation Strategies for Reasonable People 2nd Edition (2nd ed.). New York City, NY The Penguin Group.Thompson, L. L. (2008). The Truth About Negotiations . Upper Saddle River, NJ FT Press.

Research Paper On Leukemia Health And Social Care Essay

I decided to compose my research paper on Leukemia because my uncle who lived in Bend, OR found out that he had Leukemia. This intelligence was lay waste toing for our household including my uncle. His health started dropping and he started droping tired all the snip. My uncle s this status led him to lose his occupation because he could non maintain up with his work. In our civilization exclusive supplier of the family is adult male. In this state of affairs fiscal status of the household was awful because neither my uncle nor his married woman were working. Their childs school classs were dropping and they were affect by their male pargonnt s illness. His boy had emotional dislocation, and wanted to pass all his clip with his male p bent. This disturbance of the household even spilled over to my status of the household. My ma was truly affiliated to her comrade happening out that her brother has cancerous neoplastic infirmity. It was really hard on my ma. My ma s wellness was at its worse when she got intelligence of my uncle s illness.My uncle s parents lived in India. Finding out their champion and merely boy has a deathly illness it was really upseting for his parents. They applied for visas to come to the United States to watch out their boy. plain though, the household in the United States made a petition to in-migration services to let my uncles parents to come to the United States to see their boy. Supporting paperss were submitted including a elaborate missive from my uncle s physician personation his medical status. However, their petitions for obtaining U.S. visas were denied. My uncle s medical status did non let him to go to India to see his parents for the last clip in his life.Furthermore, my uncle did non hold medical insurance. The ground for non holding a medical insurance was the high cost of it. opposite large factor of non holding insurance was that my uncle did non hold a occupation for a long clip. Even when he had a occup ation it did non come with medical benefits. However, few months afterward my uncle found out that he had a malignant neoplastic disease, and was hospitalized a physician from the infirmary round in Bend, Oregon helped him to vex a medical insurance through Oregon Health Plan. This helped my uncle and his household a batch. My uncle was able to perplex choice intervention from the infirmary through that wellness program. The physicians did chemotherapy for six months and dummy up it did nt bring around him, and curtly physicians gave up, and said sorry he wo nt populate for long. Just hebdomad after that my uncle passed off. This is how my household is impacted by Leukemia.Leukemia is malignant neoplastic disease that starts in the tissue that forms descent. To cognize how malignant neoplastic disease starts it is right-hand to cognize how normal store cells form. Most blood cells are formed in the b unitary spunk called root cells. Bone marrow is the soft stuff in the cen tre of most castanetss. When mature it develops into divergent sorts of blood cells, each sort does a particular occupation. Major sorts include the violent blood cells and the egg duster blood cells. White blood cells are helpful to contend infections. There are m whatever sorts of white blood cells.Red blood cells carry O to the tissues throughout the organic structure. The thrombocytes help organize blood coagulums to promise hemorrhage. White blood cells, ruddy blood cells, and thrombocytes are created from root cells when organic structure inevitably them. When these cells grow old or damaged, they die, and so new cells take their topographic point.In a persevering who has leukaemia, the uprise marrow conveys unnatural white blood cells. Those unnatural blood cells are called leukemia cells. Normal blood cells die when they reach a certain age or when they get damaged, whereas leukaemia cells do non decease after aging or acquiring damaged. They start to herd out norma l white blood cells, ruddy blood cells, and thrombocytes. This state of affairs makes it really hard for normal blood cells to make their occupation.There are twain types of leukaemia the types of leukaemia can be grouped on the bases of how speedy the disease develops and gets worse. Leukemia is either chronic which commonly gets worse easy, or theirs acute which normally gets worse rapidly.Chronic LeukemiaIn the beginning phases of the disease, the leukaemia cells can still make the occupation for normal white blood cells. Patient whitethorn non hold any track at first physicians frequently find the chronic leukaemia during a everyday medical examination in front there are any symptoms. Gradually, chronic leukaemia gets worse. As the figure of leukemia cells in the blood additions, patients starts to acquire symptoms, much(prenominal) as c formerlyited lymph nodes, febrilities, nefariousness workout suits, weak feeling, hemorrhage, weight loss, swelling, hurting or infecti ons. When those symptoms do look, they are normally mild at first and acquire worse easy.Acute LeukemiaThe leukaemia cells ca nt make any of the work of normal white blood cells. The figure of leukemia cells increases rapidly. Patients normally go to their physician because they feel ill. If the mastermind is affected, they may headaches, purging, confusion, loss of musculus control, or ictuss. Patients start to acquire symptoms, such as conceited lymph nodes, febrilities, dark workout suits, weak feeling, hemorrhage, weight loss, swelling, hurting or infections. Acute leukaemia normally worsens quickly.DiagnosisHave one or more of the undermentioned trials done physical test, blood trials, biopsy done two ways bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy.PreventionAs long bar goes, there is no manner to forestall leukaemia at this clip. However, avoiding hazard factors such as smoke, exposure to toxic chemicals, diagnostic X raies, and exposure to radiation may assist forestall s ome instances of leukaemia. Being level-headed and remaining healthy dramas a large function in forestalling leukaemia. What we put into our organic structures has a batch to make with our overall wellness.Cancer Contending FoodsI have besides done some research on nutrients that are known to forestall different types of malignant neoplastic disease. Eating a batch of veggies and fruits help to forestall leukaemia, list of veggies and fruits areAvocados rich in glutathione, a powerful antioxidant that attacks free groups in organic structure. downcast Raspberries & A Blueberries contain an antioxidant that kills leukemia cells without harming healthy cells.Carrots contain beta provitamin A, which may assist cut down malignant neoplastic disease.Broccoli, Brassica oleracea botrytis, Brussels sprouts, and chou contains two antioxidants, xanthophyll and zeaxanthin that may assist cut down malignant neoplastic disease.Garlic increases the activity of immune cells and helps interr upt down substances that cause malignant neoplastic disease.Grapefruits, oranges, papaia, pomegranate aid prevent malignant neoplastic diseaseTreatmentLeukemia intervention falls into two types of intervention to contend the malignant neoplastic disease and intervention to alleviate the symptoms of the disease and the side effects of the intervention. Chemotherapy is the widely used intervention for leukaemia it is the powerful drug to kill leukemia cells. Therapy can be administered by ad-lib cavity or vena depending on the type of medicine. Sometimes depending on the instance chemotherapy can be given at place. In other instances patient has to hospitalise to have the therapy. By this it kills cells or plosive them from reproducing. It besides kills quickly turning healthy cells, accounting for many of the side effects of therapy. The badness of the side effects depends on the doses given and the patient s tolerance.Chemotherapy is normally given in verses. Each rhythm consi sts of terrible intervention over several yearss followed by a few hebdomads without intervention for remainder and convalescence from side effects caused by the therapy, largely anemia and low white blood cells. The sequence is so repeated. It may be administered for two to six rhythms, depending on subtype leukaemia and hazard factors involved.Bone marrow test may be done prior to each rhythm of therapy. After completion of intervention the patient is evaluated once more to see the consequence of the chemotherapy for leukaemia.DecisionIn terminal it is all about how we take guardianship of our organic structures, our diet plays a large function in our well being and remaining healthy. As stated above leukaemia malignant neoplastic disease is a really unsafe disease. We should take fit safeguard to forestall this disease. Doctors are taking several steps to forestall this malignant neoplastic disease from distributing in human organic structure. If leukemia malignant neoplastic disease is non taken attention in its primeval phases it may turn out fatal to human organic structure.Citationshypertext transfer communications protocol //www.leukemia-cure.com/leukemia-symptoms.htmlhypertext transfer protocol //www.lls.org/ /diseaseinformation/leukemia/www.leukemia-lymphoma.orghypertext transfer protocol //www.emedicinehealth.com/leukemia/article_em.htmhypertext transfer protocol //www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/leukemia

Over-crowded Classes

The background to the studyThere was a shocking difficult of overcrowded disunitees in reality special indoctrinates of Mangaung, due to an tall residents as it is in central part of the province clear State. One sectionalisation can be having over forty guideers, and this makes the learning process to be uneffective and difficult. This difficult causes a major pathetic performance in the initiate academics as to ane in such(prenominal) a huge number. In such large classes, the initiateer can non concentrate on all learners in class for attentionThe statement of the interrogation problemThere was a shocking problem of over-crowded classes in public firsthand instructs of Mangaung, due to an elevated population as it is in central part of the province Free State. One class can be having over forty learners, and this makes the learning process to be ineffective and difficult. A class can have about fifty learners and effective learning become hard. This waste problem m ake the performance of learners to drop, the appriseer cannot concentrate on all learners in class for attention.Research questions1. Does overpopulation in school go learners academic performance? 2. What ar the problems both learners and learners prospect in overcrowded schoolroom in teaching and learning process in primary schools of Mangaung district? 3. Does overpopulation affect the efficiency of teachers in the process of teaching? 4. Howdoes the sizing of class influence in learners behavior? 5. What be the solutions to the problems both teachers and learners face in over-crowded schoolrooms in a primary? 6. Is classroom forethought possible in overcrowded classrooms?The purpose of the studyThe familiar purpose of this study is to travel to the effect of overcrowded classrooms on the academic performance of learners in public primary schools.The purpose of the study is in both racing shell to disclose the impact of classroom overpopulation on performance of lea rners academicallyTo inspect factors affecting teachers to fail classroom man mountmentThe significance of the studyThis study is very important to supply the school management with information to recognize the challenges faced by teachers and learners in overpopulated classes. This study leave make known the cessation to which overpopulated has affected learners academic performance. It also tells the other(a) issues affecting learners performance. In addition, this study get out help the school leaders and teachers to propose procedures to reduce the effect of overcrowding in public primary schools. The result of the study will help teachers of primary schools to understand the product of over-crowding in classes, and to find out ways of how to teach the class of more(prenominal) number than the required. The study will provide support for additional explore in education and it will be in the best sign of the learners, teachers, and government.Definition of key termsAcademic Word used to describe things that cogitate to the lap done in schools, colleges and universities.Over-crowdedFull accommodation or a stead beyond what is usual or comfortableClassroomA building constructed for organizing students for learningClassroom managementThe essential part of the teaching and learning process, the methods, strategies and skills teachers use to maintain classroom environment.Delimitation of the studyThis study is playacting in Mangaung district at Botshabelo where two primary schools will select a case study. The primary schools participating argonNthabiseng Primary School and Pelong primary school who have more over-crowded classrooms.REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATUREIntroductionMost of southern African schools leading difficult is overcrowded classrooms. This affects the learners performance and teachers motivation as well. There is a need to step onto how hard it is for both learners and teachers to cooperate and make it through in this tough situation.it is impossible to learn and teach when there are many learners and one teacher in class. The teachers get laid every day (Davis, 2013).Teaching challenges in overcrowded classroomsOverpopulation in classrooms affect learners as much as it affects teachers, in long run this will affect the department of education as majority of learners academic achievements will drop. Teaching in overcrowded classrooms face bulky challenges of having to create a productive learning environment for learners. De Corby, 2005 states that physical teaching teachers are challenged in engaging in important physical activities and because of overcrowded classrooms this is difficult for them.Most of the subject such as life druthers and sciences in terms of applicative suffer a lot due to the class surface, even the query laboratory is not available. This is mostly experienced in South African schools. For example, the study of Guardian Africa Network rear that some schools in the Eastern Cape have more than 120 packed in one classroom into one classroom and teachers are obliged to present slightons with their backs pressed up against the blackboard (Guardian Africa Network, 2013). During the practical experience I acquired from the Central University of Technology, I noticed that in Free State this problem is huge. Having to teach more than 50 learners for 30 numbers per period is not enough.Some of the problems are small space and no resources and equipment needed in some subjects. Teachers cannot practice a variety of methods, such as higher-order questioning methods and active learning methods due to lack of space. The science teachers cannot perform the practical, learners do not concentrate, and battleground is not there due to the number. In fact, teachers are effectively limited to the chalk and talk instructional method (Opoku-Asare et al., 2014128).This also give teachers challenge in terms of how to finish the curriculum, resulting in teachers organism guided by the books and work schedule or weekly plan but not teaching for the learners to understand. The teachers give over less time to instruction and give learners lot of notes on the board resulting in learners not even authorship those notes because of their number the teacher cannot even tell who participate and who does not. Tasks such as checking presence of learners, and managing their performance put one across lot of time of content and lessons.Time teachers give to individual students is affected by class size as well as the social self-motivation among students. The teachers are challenged a lot because as much as they want to help all learners, it is impossible and very sad. Class sizes are a problem in the Free State and even present problems to student teachers in conducting learners centered lesson methods. Large class size gives practicing teachers only one option of teaching style that is convenient that requires learners to be passive recipients of knowledge during less ons. This does not allow for learner teachers to interaction (Mtika, 2010). The quality of learning and teaching for them is lost and this can emotionally run off them, leaving them with doubts of continuing the teaching career.There is a lot of noise in large classes this being an outcome of an increasing number of learners in the classroom. Noisy classrooms translate to the distraction, making it more difficult for learners to learn and for teachers to teach. No concentration in class and more time wasted trying to make learners note quit instead of teaching.There is creation of stress for teachers making it difficult for them to handle the learning call for of learners (Oliver, 2006). This creates a hurt on the obligate between the teacher and the learner. Most of the time spent is at school than at home, teachers suppositious to know the learners and their ability more than their biological parents do and the lack of bond leads to problems and disruptions in the classroom.T his can create a negative learning environment for the teacher and learner. Behavioral problems, get rid ofeeism and high failure rates are experiences in overcrowded classrooms (Gibbs Jenkins, 1992). Gibbs and Jenkins (1992) indicate that dealing with overcrowded classrooms leads to high teacher absenteeism, teacher laziness and teacher stress. The enquiry that is presenting an international perspective has shown that teachers internationally are finding difficulty in managing overcrowded classrooms.Disciplinary problems in large classesOvercrowding increases classroom issues of discipline. More learners provide more opportunities provided for personal conflicts, tension and general disruptive behavior. even up the best teacher or the principal cannot control the overcrowded classroom effectively , teachers find themselves spending more time to manage the class that they spend the time to teach. It is easy for learners to mis exculpate in large classes because teachers cannot sustentation their eyes on one person the whole time.Most of troublesome learners comes from overcrowded classerooms, troubles such as bullying, disrespecting and violence. Teachers are involved in failure to maintain classroom management by coming to class with no lesson plan. This learners most of them have problems from outside classroom that make them to misbehave.According to Mustafa (2014) more number of learners in classroom the more misbehavior increase and classroom management become difficult. Corporal punishment is not judicial in South Africa. It is not easy for teachers and principals to discipline the learners and give the penalties. Every doing is according to the laws no division how long it will take.The permissions available to the disciplining learners are very few. Beyond talking to learners as their teacher, and short of transferring or expelling them, disciplinarians hold students out of class, contact their parents, or enforce one to five day suspensions. f ormal responses to misbehavior are, thus, limited in training to either a simple reproof, holding the learner in the office until the next class period, or a suspension, this is still not enough for every minute a learner spend outside is loss of education.The most easily front runners problems for suspension are class troubles, failure to attend classes, disrespect, leaving the school during school time. The other common types of disciplinary problems institute mostly in schools as mentioned by Donnelly (2000) are fights, and disbelief of the organization.McManus (1995) lists several types of misbehaviorsthat make the work of pedagogues difficult. These intromit Repeatedly asking to go to the toilet Missing lessons, absconding Smoking in the toilets Pushing past the educator learners acting with matches in class and making rude remarks to the teacher when the teacher stops them. The noisewhen the learner is supposed to be writing this happen a lot when learners are writing forma l tasks and it distract other learners who are concentrating.Other misbehavior includes talking while the teacher is talking, failing to raise hand in advance talking, Being abusive to the educator fighting in class Chasing one another around the classroom Packing up early, as if to leave while the teacher is busy with the lesson. This thing of taking the educators lieu without the permission is bad because it is associated with stealing. The mentality of wearing private clothes and not the school uniform especially during winter seasons is one of the misbehavior that teachers and principal deal with all the time. Leaving class early and Commenting of lacking to go home while the teacher is busy is what most of the learners always do and it really gall the teacher and make other learners to lose focus.The absence of parents on their childrens school life play a huge part in the discipline of learners, this starts as early as in primary school level. Learners are coming to schoo l with bad attitudes towards life and school. Lot parents are not involved in the education of their children, they do not even check the books, they do not attend parents meetings, and these cause poor results, and learners dodging school. Louw and Barnes (2003) clarify that there is no problem child, there are only problem parents, those learners who behave badly at school are not taught respect at home. Rossouw (2003) regards the failure in discipline in most schools as originating from the communities rather than from schools. What causes the parents of learners to be absent in their school life is that, they are single parents at home and having lack of parental dominance over the house.Children who are walking and playing in croups influence each other in the discipline and misbehavior. These learners increase the problems of discipline negativelyThese groups do on what are the child principles, what he or she knows, and learns. The amount of this influence depends on other s ituations such as, age and personality of children in the group and the nature of the group its self (Harris, 1998 Hartup, 1983). There are no doubts that the peer pressure and groups affect the aupport the growth problem of youth behavior. According to Seita, Mitchell and Tobin (1996) When the family and loved ones of the children are absent in their lives, someone will play their part for them and advice the child.MethodologyResearch methodologyThe study is descriptive in nature. It is an attempt to investigate the problems faced by the teachers in overcrowded classes and suggested some measures to settle these problems.Research designThe research captures the structure of case study. Case study is helping in making the results more vigorous, worth natural setting and context. Teachers are able to elaborate further in where the how and why questions are discovering. For this study, the case study is to search a unique(predicate) group of teachers, in two public overcrowded school s in order to explore their experience in overcrowded classrooms.The research instrumentsThe study is developing appropriate tools for the collection and analysis of necessary selective information. Close ended questionnaires that are uncrystallized for teachers.The population and samplingPopulationThe population of the study included two government schools. Ten teachers of different gender and age are part of the research.The sampleThere are ten participants in the study and two classrooms are going to be part of ceremonial occasion. Five teachers are from Nthabiseng Primary school and five teachers are from Pelong primary school. One classroom each school for observations. Both schools are public schools in Mangaung disctrict, Botshabelo, Free State province sampling technique / procedurePurposive samplingOnly the teachers of two overcrowded schools are participating. Between those two schools, only teachers who have overcrowded classrooms participate so that the research can ga in accurateinformation for the experiences in the overcrowded classrooms.Convenience sampling is used, the teachers who are readily available to contact will participate. The technique participants from Nthabiseng Primary are easily accessible to generate data from the schoolData collection proceduresThe research is apply the unstructured questionnaire and observation as the methods of data procedure and data generation.Unstructured QuestionnaireIn this study, a questionnaire is a primary data tool for collecting data from the teachers. Open-ended questions for respondents because they impose no restriction and they allow foe any response to questions provided to the respondent. This type of asker is preferred because the respondent will express themselves freely with no restrictions. The questioner generates personal opinions, beliefs, emotions and experiencesObservationsThe observation method helps in taking the live data from the natural occurring social location. The teachers observation will take place while they teach one classroom it is important to observe these classrooms so that they could be included in in sample so that the researcher could also have first-hand experience into what happens in overcrowded classrooms of different schools, observing learner-teacher interaction and the attitudes of both learners and teachers. This is a preferred method as it allows the researcher to gain insight information into teachers experiences with overcrowded classrooms. The secondary data collections are from review of literature, a study of documents and books.Data outline TechniquesFor the purpose of this research, there is carefully and thoroughly reading, transcribing, and analysing of data. Thematic analysis will ensure the rich commentary of the data set.Ethical ConsiderationThe principal will receive the written letter asking the permission to use their school for the research. Explaining the purpose of the study and asking the permission to make cl ass observations while teachers work Approval from the discussion section of Basic Education informing them of the plans to use Nthabiseng primary school and Pelong primary school in this research All the participants as well as the school involved in the study privacy and covert will be with respect.Limitations of the StudyMost of the sources are old therefore the present study literature is limited. The sample size that is the number of teachers is also limited, reason being they must be in classes teaching not respondent questioners. During data collections under observation method, the teachers do things different from when the researchers are not there.